Zara Marketing Plan Essay Example

Zara Marketing Plan Essay General presentation (counting a compact shoppers and classification advertise/pattern review) Entry mode - The appropriate method of section for Zara to enter the apparel business in Vietnam is diversifying. - As Vietnam’s joint endeavor guidelines are exacting; the Vietnamese financial specialists should claim in any event 51% of the enterprise’s capital. This will make a few troubles to Zara in term of controlling the business. In this way, diversifying is increasingly reasonable in light of the fact that the method of section is appropriate for entering a little nation and subject to noteworthy social contrasts from Zara’s command post (Spain) as Vietnam. - In term of budgetary, diversifying makes another wellspring of salary for Zara, through installment of establishment expenses, eminence and tolls notwithstanding the chance of sourcing private name items to franchisees. In term of key, diversifying can be Zara’s mean of spreading hazard by increasin g the quantity of areas through the franchisees’ venture. SWOT examination Market division and focusing on Segmenting and Targeting the market* - Zara’s target clients are focusing in high patterns and need to have the most stylish trend patterns. - Geography, segment, psychographic, advantages, and use rate are the primary bases for dividing purchaser markets. - Demographic division assumes a major job for Zara. It incorporates sexual orientation, age, moral standards, and family life cycle. - Zaras target advertise is generally ladies and less men. Zara plans all the more apparel for ladies. - It is centered around individuals of various age, including age X and Y. The individuals who gain enough cash and can purchase garments from Zara shops. Situating the company* - INDITEX presently runs 5154 stores portioned into eight marked chains: its leader image Zara5, Pull amp; Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home and Uterque. Zara has situated its i mage to convey the most popular trend, very much made, at a value that makes it achievable by a large number of individuals. - ZARA is situated increasingly popular contrast with its rivals however shockingly with a generally low cost conduct. Gauge piece of the pie Marketing goals Set promoting objectives* *  · Fast lead time †separating the plan, assembling and circulation movement minimize expenses by keeping stocks low items are accessible on the shopping floor and routinely supplanted, given the short existence of things *  · Fast style †utilized data advances and gatherings of planners through retail location framework into what the shops sell as their input is sent back to the administrative center *  · Brand name all the more notable †global extension (stores, dispersion focuses) *  · To convey the correct item, with the goal that ensure address the issues and desires for explicit objective client fragment *  · Provide quality dress and client care a t a sensible cost Advertising blend methodologies According to Kotler, Keller and Burton (2009), showcasing blend methodology is required to grow the fragment situating technique, which incorporates all viewpoints, for example, item, value, advancement and spot. Zara sells a to a great extent homogeneous item for a worldwide market (Flavian and Polo, 2000). By the by, there are a few changes in its advertising blend due to the customer’s size contrasts in Asian nations (Monllor, 2001). What separates Zara’s plan of action from that of its rivals is the turnaround time, and the store as a wellspring of data. Zara’s techniques like in the nick of time assembling, conveyance and deals, adaptable structure, low stock guideline, fast reaction strategy and propelled data innovation empower a brisk reaction to customer’s evolving requests (Castellano, 1993, 2002) Product and Brand Strategy Brand methodology raised its image mindfulness by embracing a few new brand systems, for instance, offering extreme style requiring little to no effort. teach this market and impacts buyer shopping propensities (Blanco and Salgado, 2004) to accomplish the verbal exchange all through customers and manufacture positive brand value. utilize web based life, for example, YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter as a decent correspondence channel to its buyers and an instrument to create brand network. focuses on clients as well as its utilizes by applying inward marking, which goads its staff to better understanding, overseeing and conveying Zara brand. Item system Product methodology is one of key components of a brand technique that prompts the achievement of a brand procedure. make its way of life to clients: â€Å"you better get it today since you probably won't discover it tomorrow† by leaving enormous regions void in its costly retail shops and empowering periodic stock-outs. gathering data to settle on the choices on articles of clothing sold in all the business sectors where Zara works (Bonache and Cervino, 1996). senior supervisors choose the particular pieces of clothing that will be put in plain view in the store to meet the customer’s taste around there (Fabrega, 2004). dispatch new highlights with top notch standard separate its items to meet customer’s necessity and requirements: item creation and conveyance in fifteen days; Changes of a current piece of clothing can be put in plain view inside about fourteen days; produces its â€Å"live collections†; lauching 11,000 new things consistently (Ghemawat and Nueno, 2003). Administration strategy* * Physical confirmations Evidence is an item assist shoppers with understanding our item. It isn't legitimately associated with customer getting them, yet it can impact buyer conduct. * Process This is the administration procedure when clients section into Zara store, including after-deals administration * People The salespersons in our shop have a decent and expert degree of administration. This is the most immediate errand that to improve fulfillment with customers. * Customer Information Analysis and Reporting retail location framework: utilizing information accumulated through these talk exchanges, input Pricing technique set the cost for its items =gt; advertisers and product offering chiefs do/purchase research reports + to have a superior comprehension of Vietnamese costs and its objective buyer brain science + to get reference costs of existing rivals in this market. noteworthy development in brand mindfulness and style awareness an appeal in design industry, particularly on quality garments, whose deals are anticipated to develop around 15% before the finish of 2012. 1 According to shopper conduct, it is appeared in chart beneath that Vietnamese purchasers burned through 13. 9% of their livelihoods on garments. (A picture about Vietnamese costs will be embedded here) Source: Vinaresearch Company (2012)) (RNCOS research report (2012), Vietnam Retail Analysis (2008-2012) ) Zara costs in worldwide markets are commonly higher because of longer dissemination channels (Ghemawat and Nueno, 2003) can influence its situating in those nations and in this way, its image picture (Ghemawat and Nueno, 2003). concentrate on giving chic garments to adolescents and office individuals with a normal and higher pay. â€Å"Zara costs depend on comparables inside the objective market, subject to taking care of expenses in addition to an objective margin† the costs are evaluated to be sensibly and moderate to these objective clients. make bargains by offering hardly a ny pieces from a similar assortment as a group at a lower cost. Dissemination Strategy Distribution is the primary concern of showcasing technique of organization, including market coordinations, online stores and physical stores retailers. Market coordinations Zara has its own unified appropriation framework Zara can open a dispersion or satellite focuses in Vietnam, where it is simpler to convey its items inside Vietnam as well as China, Thailand, Singapore and other Asian nations around. open shops in enormous urban communities in Vietnam, for example, Ho Chi Minh City, Ha Noi, Da Nang, apply nearby deals program and estimating system to increase a few focal points. Online Channel Zara sells its items by means of online shops at www. zara. com and dispatches application on IPhone to let programs search through the most recent data with respect to new assortments. fabricate Zara Vietnamese site with Vietnam Dong just value, advancements, etc, and confine Zara site to convey the it ems to Vietnam.. Retailing and stores Zara accepts that its shop windows, the substance of which are likewise chosen in La Corua are largely the publicizing it needs. Its advancing and promoting apparatus principally bases on word’s mouth. + Vietnam: center around picking high populace, numerous workplaces, colleges and traffic regions, for example, District 1, 3 or Tan Binh District in Ho Chi Minh, business city, for settling its lead stores. organize its shops in esteemed areas neighboring other high apparel makers, which sets up the acknowledgment quicker in the market. Universally, Zara normalizes the key vital components, to be specific the area, window show, inside plan, store design, store show revolution, client assistance, data frameworks and coordinations. We will compose a custom article test on Zara Marketing Plan explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Zara Marketing Plan explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Zara Marketing Plan explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The remainder of the components are altered to the market to suit neighborhood inclinations (Fabrega, 2004). + Vietnam: offer new arrangements of originator style pieces of clothing and accessoriesâ€shoes, packs, scarves, gems and, all the more as of late, toiletries and cosmeticsâ€for moderately low costs in advanced stores in its prime areas to draw masses of design cognizant recurrent clients. select representatives locally to show signs of improvement comprehension of the neighborhood showcase inclinations (Martinez, 1997). Special blend (IMC),

Bach bazi in Afghanistan Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bach bazi in Afghanistan - Movie Review Example With no earlier history of the man, the family to the little fellow acknowledges him to go (Bacha Bazi). It is accepted that the convention began long time from Pakistani when the Afghanistan had been attacked by the superpower at that point, Russia. As a result of fatigue, the custom for men moving for men started (Bacha Bazi). In proceeding with the narrative, it is apparent that the individuals who enjoy Bacha Bazi are youthful and old rich and influential men. A portion of these men carry on with a twofold life and may have spouses and kids to conceal their opposite side (Bacha Bazi). Moreover, it is clear that Bacha Bazi includes a young men party, a spot where these youthful selected young men would proceed to move for the rich. After the occasion, it was upon the rich to choose what they did to the youngsters (Bacha Bazi). More often than not, they would wind up sodomizing them. The youngsters would be baited into the business because of monetary benefit and guarantees of glad life simply like the rich, just to find later that they were to delight them to get the cash. It is a pitiful scene when underage young men between 10 to 18 years get enrolled for this business. Essentially, an individual is constantly sent to the towns looking for delightful young men from the families who are needing the cash (Bacha Bazi). The young men are then taken and go to live with one of the coordinators of Bacha Bazi. In the organization of the Bacha Bazi coordinators, the young men are required to realize how to move and sing inside their first year of enrollment. They would take in this expressions from past young men who had been selected and had been in the business for quite a while (Bacha Bazi). The young men would be given everything in the patio of the rich, however consequently, are required to be prepared to joy rich men during parties. As the narrative proceeds, it is obvious what truly schemes in search parties as one of the Bacha Bazi men uncovers what hosted occurred in another gathering (Bacha Bazi).

Abortion from a Kantian and Utilitarianism Perspective Free Essays

Populace Growth You and me, we aren’t that extraordinary. Be that as it may, when we contrast ourselves with the 6. 2 billion individuals in this world or even the 287. We will compose a custom article test on Fetus removal from a Kantian and Utilitarianism Perspective or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now 4 million in the United States, we begin to turn out to be extremely unique. Take the entirety of the tall structures and stack them up and I wager we could go to the moon. Presently you reveal to me that isn't over-populace. This world is developing with individuals regular and it doesn’t stop. Due to the populace and its development our assets are getting constrained. Our trash creation on this planet is frightful! Everything needs to stop at the present time. On the off chance that we quit populating this world with more individuals we would turn out to be in an ideal situation later on. Like I said our regular assets are restricted and ordinary a great deal of them are getting tossed in the junk. These are everything that have to do with populace. Regular we are changing the earth around us, regardless of whether it is building streets, houses or some other thing in that issue. In doing so we are occupying room on Earth. Which implies that we are coming up short on space to develop. Furthermore, truly soon we will have no space to develop on this planet. In Bangladesh there are 2,405 individuals for every square mile. Hong Kong is for all intents and purposes made of elevated structures that 6. 8 million individuals live in. The Chinese district of Macaa is 57,369 individuals for each square mile. These numbers are all since we are coming up short on space to develop, hence we are going to elevated structures. Brazil has a populace of 176. 5 million individuals and eight out of ten individuals live in towns or urban areas and it grows 1. 3% every year. 1. 3% is the thing that the world’s normal development rate is. Furthermore, you feel that is awful, take a gander at Africa, which has a development pace of 2. 4% and obviously is the most noteworthy on the planet. Tokyo, Japan, home of 34 million Japanese, is the biggest city on the planet. Mexico City, Mexico has 22. 4 million el locos living in it. New York, New York, has 21. 8 million individuals in its outskirts and is the fourth biggest city. Sao Paulo, Brazil, has 20 million individuals that I get the chance to go meet and it is the fifth biggest city. The eighth biggest city is Los Angeles, California that is home to 17. 8 million Americans. The nineteenth biggest city is Rio de Janeiro, which is home to 12 million Brazilians who I additionally get the chance to meet. Number 26 is Chicago, Illinois, home to 9. 7 million Americans. Like I stated, this world is developing. In 15,000 BC, 5 million individuals began chasing and assembling nourishment for themselves. In 5,000 BC there were 66 million individuals on the planet and they could at last settle in one spot and homestead. Furthermore, presently take a gander at this world! The quantities of people has never been on the destruction for extremely long. Be that as it may, the world’s development rate has been falling at pretty much . 1% yearly. As you review, the normal development rate is 1. 3%. In around a long time from now, in excess of 50 nations will encounter negative development with a world development rate at around 0. 34% every year. Like I’ve stated, there are some regular assets that are running out. 70% of the Earth is canvassed in water. Just 25% of water supplies are perfect and sound in Ethiopia. 69% of water we use is for cultivating. Since 10,000 BC, people have wrecked portion of our world’s woodland. Let's be honest; mineral assets are limited and ought to be reused for people in the future. For instance, the 287. 4 million Americans utilize multiple times the measure of oil Africa does with 840 million individuals. Despite the fact that this is certainly not an inexhaustible asset, it is a characteristic one we are going to come up short on genuine soon. As presence of mind kicks in, we understand that the more individuals there are the more oil we use. Presently you can take that reality and apply it to ANY asset. To sort it out, 2,000 years back there were 250 million individuals on the planet. 1700. 679 million individuals 1900. 1. 63 billion individuals 1920. 1. 96 billion individuals 1950. 2. 52 billion individuals 1990. 5. 29 billion individuals on the planet. In 1999 the world hit 6 billion individuals. Today there is around 6. 3 billion and it is developing each day. This is certainly not something worth being thankful for. Our condition is being extended as far as possible and it needs to stop. We have to stop it by halting populace development. Step by step instructions to refer to Abortion from a Kantian and Utilitarianism Perspective, Essay models

Key Pieces of Write about Myself

Key Pieces of Write about Myself Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Write about Myself The absolute most important consideration to remember is that you're joining thousands of different men and women that are putting their hearts and souls in their pieces and then tossing them in the vast, gaping void that's the net. If you learn how to write, you may change your life. You may be amazed at the negative thoughts you might have for each body part. Whenever you are having a tough time deciding what things to write in a journal, you probably have a mind which is full of different things happening in your life. The Importance of Write about Myself The repartition method may be used to boost the range of partitions too. This process is going to teach you a very simple process to compose a lab report. The application should call the appropriate function to secure more information associated with the underlying event. It calls the relevant function to get more information related to the underlying event. You want short paragraphs with a lot of whitespace. Three sentences is the best length for a bio. Among the examples of documents that are required to be keenly written is a report. At any time you post, share a hyperlink to your article anywhere it is sensible to share it. Research on the items of discussion you will present so your report will be dependent upon facts. If you would like to get high high quality research and thesis papers punctually and for a fair price, you should probably attempt using EssaySupply.com. Hearsay, Deception and Write about Myself Be precise with the things which you will place in the document especially in the event the report is going to be used for business transactions. Crack the vulnerability open a small bit. The matter has to be directly addressed in the start to find the reader's interest. You must always stay focused on the issue, avoiding too many details on minor difficulties. Wonder regarding the future of the web and the way it's changing our lives. My posts may be different than yours and my goals may be different than yours. If you get a good understanding of the websites things might become simple, but then you would need to go through a great deal of hassle. There are infinite alternatives, and therefore don't feel like you've got to settle for Meeting Follow Up. Write about Myself for Dummies Just bear in mind that you will need to do what works for you! One of the best comedy screenplay examples you'll discover. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Write about Myself Having journaling ideas that you could utilize to write in your ordinary journal is vital. If you would like to be seen, you probably need to file your work to a publication. If you can't think of a new topic to write about in your journal, consider writing an entry for a family so you can expand on the thoughts of one another. There's a good deal of advice about ways t o compose a book. Quotes are great journal prompts, so if it's the case that you do not necessarily need to compose inspirational quotes in your everyday journal, you can write about nearly any quote in any respect. Write down all of the inspirational quotes you adore. Letters can be personal or professional. Books have existed for thousands of years.

Cyberbullying, Prevention, And Results Of Cyberbullying

According to The American Heritage College Dictionary, the definition provided for the word cyber is â€Å"information processor computer.† In the same manner, bully is defined as â€Å"a person who is habitually cruel or overbearing.† When these two words are combined, cyberbullying is best described as someone who uses the computer and access it provides to bully someone. However, there is much more to cyberbullying than they may possibly believe they know: background information about cyberbullying, the types of cyberbullying, prevention, and results of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying; the use of internet, cell phones, other electronic communication devices to spread harmful, embarrassing information about another person. This information can be in the form of text, photos, or videos. (â€Å"Cyberbullying† Gale.) There are many types of cyberbullying such as sexual remarks, sending threats, bad language, or exposing embarrassing photos or videos. (â€Å"Cyberbul lying† Gale.) Cyberbullies usually do those things without the victim’s permission and get a big group of people to come together and gang up on the victim. (â€Å"Cyberbullying† Gale.) It’s disappointing to know majority of bullies need more than one person on their side to destroy someone, and mainly for no particular reason but to pick on someone who is not of their caliber. Most bullies operate from a place of insecurity, where they fear someone being better than them, causing the bully to find ways to bring the victim down and pouncesShow MoreRelatedThe Problem of Cyber Bullying1323 Words   |  6 Pagesharassed, humiliated, embarrassed or otherwise targeted by another teenager using the internet, other technologies, or mobile phones† (â€Å"what is cyberbullying?†). Cyberbullying can range from one extreme to another. Some teens think death is the answer, others ignore the cyberbullying and create groups to prevent it for happening to o thers. In addition to cyberbullying causing different reactions in teenagers, there are also many different ways the teen them self, their parent, and a witness of the cyberRead MoreCyberbullying Prevention And The Prevention1031 Words   |  5 PagesThe prevention and responding to Cyberbullying is a way to stay away from all the dangers. Parents, schools and anyone can help stop children from cyberbullying and help them if they are getting cyberbullied. Anyone can help the prevention of cyber bullying, help others respond to it, and warn people about how dangerous it can become. Cyberbullying prevention can start with just anyone, from parents to other teens across the whole U.S. Parents can talk to their children while they are growing upRead MoreCyber Bullying Research Paper1670 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents and parents to invite them to participate. They will first begin by hiring a school Olweus Coordinator and forming a Bullying Prevention Coordinating Committee, consisting of representatives from each key stakeholder group such as school administrators, teaching staff, and non-teaching staff, parents, and other local authorities. The Bullying Prevention Coordinating Committee (BPCC) will attend a two-day training to better understand program implementation. The Olweus Student QuestionnaireRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Cyber Bullying1705 Words   |  7 Pagesidea of cyberbullying is truly frightening, and the arrival of modern technology and the rise of social network make it even worst. With the invention of the Internet and its mass commercial us e, some people might not have foreseen the issue of â€Å"cyberbullying† and how harmful it can really be. Cyberbullying is a real phenomenon that has been present for some time. Cyberbullying is defined as the use of the Internet and technology to purposely harm another person in a hostile way. Cyberbullying has becomeRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Children s Involvement1730 Words   |  7 Pagescyberbullied on social media. Zoe was a member of the cheer team and just finished seventh grade. She reached her breaking point after being taunted all year long. There are various types of bullying to include emotional bullying, physical bullying, cyberbullying, sexting and/or circulation of risquà © or nude pictures or messages about an individual. Miss Thompson, called the school the day of Thomas death. He had told his mother, â€Å"he had to get off the school bus to escape the bullies.† The school claimedRead MoreCyberbullying Is Growing At An Alarming Rate1222 Words   |  5 Pages Cyberbullying is growing at an alarming rate. In fact, it has grown 79% since 2012, because of the rise of social media. Everyday, more and more people are connecting to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat and other social media sites. These social media sites allow us to interact with friends and family, by sharing images, memes, post or sending direct messages to one another regardless of where you are at. However, with the large rapid growth of these social media sites, there is a growingRead MoreTraditional Bullying and Cyberbullying1260 Words   |  6 Pagesexpression and, as a result, other means of bullying. Over time the bullying taking place using digital means has come to be known as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying has brought the evilness out of teen’s actions, words, and thoughts whether they were the bully or the victim. Equally important, the ending results of these actions, words and thoughts have brought death, limited yet undefined punishable consequences if pursued, and slowly progressing methods to control cyberbullying as a whole. What isRead MoreAs Of Now There Is No Federal Statute That Is Against Cyberbullying1200 Words   |  5 PagesAs of now there is no federal statute that is against cyberbullying (Strictkland, 2010). In 2009, there was a bill that was introduced to be an add on to the Megan Meier Cyberbullying Prevention Act. The bill states that it would be within violation of the law if an individual were to transmit in interstate or foreign commerce any communication, with the intent to coerce, intimidate, harass, or cause substantial emotional distress to a person, using electronic means to support severe, repeated, andRead MoreThe Invisible Bully: Cyberbullying941 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues to decrease through the form of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is when someone uses technology to threaten, harass, embarrass, or target another person publicly (New, 2012). The technologies that are starting to be used are no longer just computer, however, has expanded to phones, tablets, and even game syste ms (New, 2012). By definition, cyberbullying is used to describe the misuse of technology between children (New, 2012). The definition of cyberbullying is not interchangeable when referringRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Society s Youth1415 Words   |  6 Pagesaffected by a numerous influences both negative and positive. One such negative influence on a community which has the potential to cause a horrible outcome on society’s youth. This health issue is psychological in nature, uses technology known as cyberbullying and is aimed at destroying the self-esteem of an individual. The old style schoolhouse or neighborhood bully is now replaced by one who uses anonymity to attack a victim for any number of reasons from jealousy, irritation, hate or just for fun

Gated Radiotherapy Using Internal Ducial Markers - 823 Words

Next, we talk about gated radiotherapy using internal ducial markers. Multiple internal ducial markers (normally three to ve numbers) are implanted in or around the tumor site to track the tumor motion in real-time during treatment cycles in order to identify breathing phase and displacement such that the optimal gate can be designed Seppenwoolde et al. (2002); Shirato et al. (2000); Shimizu et al. (2001); Kitamura et al. (2002, 2003, 2002); Shimizu et al. (2000); Shirato et al. (2003). The individual markers are tracked in all three directions using imaging techniques such as conventional cone beam CT kV projection images. The tumor location is determined by averaging the marker coordinates in the SI, AP and Lateral directions independently. The markers are gold plated and 2mm in diameter. Pre-treatment simulations are performed on the patient using digitally reconstructed radiographs DRRs Russako et al. (2005) that are computed from the planning CT data. This is done to test whether the patient can handle the invasive procedure of marker implantation; to delineate the tumor and surrounding anatomical structures; perform simulations on the generated DRRs over multiple breathing cycles using identical treatment setup geometry at end-of-inhale phase and end-of-exhale phase to design an optimal treatment plan that delivers tumoricidal dose while avoiding normal tissue toxicity. The gating location and size are determined by comparing the marker position during the

Depression as a Disease of Modernity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Depression as a Disease of Modernity. Answer: Introduction Depression imposes substantial health and economic burden in the Australian health care system. Besides, depression has detrimental implications for young adults. Depression is associated with adverse outcomes like impaired psychosocial functioning and substance abuse. This scholarly paper will examine the factors that contribute to depression, clinical manifestation, pathophysiology and preventive measures. Additionally, the study will develop a depression management plan. The target population for the management plan will be working individuals aged between 25 and 44 years. The factors that contribute to depression Depression is an intricate condition with multiple causes and risk factors. The major causes of depression are poor sleep habits, adverse social interactions and stressful adverse events (Pemberton Tyszkiewicz, 2016). Men have higher chances of experiencing depression because of divorce and work difficulties. On the other hand, women might experience depression due to death or serious illness (Hasler, 2010). Substance abuse also causes depression among the young adults. For instance, alcohol and drug abuse are always found in association with depression (Hidaka, 2012). There has been an escalation in substance abuse in Australia among the young adults. In 2004, the prevalence of non-drinkers dropped to 15.3 percent and increased to 20.4 percent in 2013. Likewise, the quantity of alcohol consumption increased significantly between 2004 and 2013. (Chan, et al., 2016). The increase in drug use can be used to explain why the incidences of depression are increasing in Australia. Studies have revealed that depression is linked to genetics. A certain family might have a history of depression. Nevertheless, the inheritance of genes that cause depression does not follow the standard Mendelian pattern. Depression is a complex trait, which insinuates that many different genes contribute to the expression of depression. Certain medicines can increase the incidence of depression. Some of the medicines that are associated with depressive symptoms are topiramate, flunarizine, mefloquine and efavirenz (Celano, Freudenreich, Fernandez-Robles, Stern, Caro, Huffman, 2011). The clinical manifestation The symptoms of depression can be classified into behavior, feelings, thoughts and physical. Some of the most common physical symptoms of depression are sleep disturbance and sexual dysfunction. Other common physical signs include substantial loss of weight loss, lack of reactivity and psychomotor retardation (Kennedy, 2008). People who are suffering from chronic depression tend to have abnormal behavior. They exhibit the loss of interest and pleasure in virtually all activates. At times, individuals who are suffering chronic depression tend to withdraw from close friends and family members. Even though substance abuse is a cause of depression, it might also be a manifestation of depression. Young adults who are suffering from depression tend to engage in substance abuse. Depression is associated with changes in feelings and perceptions. Patients who have chronic depression present with depressed mood (Kennedy, 2008). Also, they tend to feel guilty even when are innocent. Other feelings include frustration, irritation, and disappointment. People who are depressed further exhibit the lack of confidence. They present with thoughts of despair and worthlessness. Some young adults even think that they are failures due to depression. Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of depression has not been characterized fully. However, researchers have found an intricate connection between receptor regulation, neurotransmitter availability, and sensitivity. A key factor in the occurrence and progression of depression is the disruption of the central nervous system serotonin (5-HT). Neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, neurocircuitry, and glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have also been implicated in depression. Depressive pathophysiology tends to vary based on the cause of the depression. Due to this fact, antidepressant treatments comprise of both biological and psychological interventions. The treatment should be personalized for specific patients and conditions. Studies indicate that depression is linked to low metabolic activity in neocortical structures and high metabolic activity in limbic structures. Neuroimaging approaches have presented new avenues for the identification of abnormalities in pat ients with depression. Structural imaging as well as postmortem research offer credible evidence on the structure of the brain in depressed patients. This evidence indicates that depression is an etiologically and clinically heterogeneous condition (Hasler, 2010). Preventive measures Depression disorder can be reduced by approximately 25 percent to 50 percent through different approaches (Cuijpers, Beekman, Reynolds, 2012). The effectiveness of the evidence-based approaches can be improved by identifying and offering help to groups that are at high risk of experiencing depression. The most effective techniques use interpersonal and cognitive behavior. Family-based approaches have also proved effective in preventing the onset of depression (Gladstone, Beardslee, O'Connor, 2011). In interpersonal and cognitive behavior techniques, a health care provider addresses the needs of the people who are at high risk of experiencing depression. During the therapy, the patients are taught about managing their thoughts as well as symptoms of depression. A person can further prevent depression by adjusting their diet. Unhealthy diets specifically for people with obesity increases the chances of experiencing depression. Hence, healthy diet lowers the risk of depression in over weight individuals (Roca, et al., 2016). Reduction of substances like alcohol and drugs can also have a positive effect towards preventing depression. Management plan The depression management plan will involve four elements which are patient education, lifestyle modification, embracing a healthy diet and dealing with irritability. The short-term objective of this management plan will be to eliminate depressive symptoms. In the long-term, the management plan will aim at preventing the reoccurrence of depressive symptoms. Treatment plans for depression help the person to achieve remission and prevent subsequent episodes (Shelton, 2009). The target population for this depression management plan will be individuals aged between 24 and 44 years who are working. Patient education: Suitable patient education should comprise of possible side effects of antidepressants, the timeline for monitoring improvement, and medicine adherence (Dunlop, Scheinberg, Dunlop, 2013). Thus, patients will be trained on how to take medicines and monitor improvements. Lifestyle modification: The patients will be asked to provide a list of what activities they do on a daily basis. Then the patients will be advised of the best lifestyle activities that will improve their health status. Patients will be advised against drinking alcohol and smoking. Besides, they will be advised to exercise at least 30 minutes daily. Lifestyle change recommendations are effective for depressed persons (Ripoll, et al., 2015). Adoption of a healthy diet: Empirical evidence suggests that a healthy diet can help to manage the prevalence of depression (Quirk, et al., 2013). Specifically, the patients will be advised to reduce the intake of calories based on their current diet. However, each patient will be encouraged to develop diet goals depending on their condition. Dealing with irritation: Patients who are experiencing depression might become irritated from time to time. Hence, training them how to deal with irritation will help to manage their condition. The best ways of dealing with irritation are getting time to relax and sharing with friends and family members. Conclusion According to this paper, depression is caused by social factors, a persons lifestyle and physical factors. Social isolation, drug abuse, and medication are risk factors for depression. The clinical manifestation of depression may be behavioral or physical. This study has found that depression can be treated through various interventions such as inter-personals and cognitive behavior therapy. A four-element depression management plan has been proposed. References Celano, C. M., Freudenreich, O., Fernandez-Robles, C., Stern, T. A., Caro, M. A., Huffman, J. C. (2011). Depressogenic effects of medications: a review. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience , 13 (1), 109-125. Chan, G. G., Leung, J. K., Quinn, C., Connor, J. P., Hides, L., Gullo, M. J., et al. (2016). Trend in alcohol use in Australia over 13 years: has there been a trend reversal? BMC Public Health , 16 (1), 1070. Cuijpers, P., Beekman, T. A., Reynolds, C. F. (2012). Preventing Depression: A Global Priority. JAMA , 307 (10), 1033-1034. Dunlop, B. W., Scheinberg, K., Dunlop, A. L. (2013). Ten ways to improve the treatment of depression and anxiety in adults. Mental health in family medicine , 10 (3), 175-181. Gladstone, T. R., Beardslee, R. W., O'Connor, E. E. (2011). The Prevention of Adolescent Depression. Psychiatr Clin North Am , 34 (1), 35-52. Hasler, G. (2010). PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION: DO WE HAVE ANY SOLID EVIDENCE OF INTEREST TO CLINICIANS? World Psychiatry , 9 (3), 155-161. Hidaka, B. H. (2012). Depression as a disease of modernity: explanations for increasing prevalence. J Affect Disord , 140 (3), 205-214. Kennedy, H. K. (2008). Core symptoms of major depressive disorder: relevance to diagnosis and treatment. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience , 10 (3), 271-277. Pemberton, R., Tyszkiewicz, D. F. (2016). Factors contributing to depressive mood states in everyday life: a systematic review. Affective Disorders , 200 (1), 103-110. Quirk, S. E., Williams, L. J., O'Neil, A., Pasco, J. A., Jacka, F. N., Housden, S., et al. (2013). The association between diet quality, dietary patterns and depression in adults: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry , 13, 175. Ripoll, S., Olivan-Blazquez, B., Vicens-Pons, E., Roca, M., Gili, M., Leiva, A., et al. (2015). Lifestyle change recommendations in major depression: Do they work? affective disorders , 183 (1), 221-228. Roca, M., Kohls, E., Gil, M., Watkins, E., Owens, M., Hegerl, U., et al. (2016). Prevention of depression through nutritional strategies in high-risk persons: rationale and design of the MooDFOOD prevention trial. BMC Psychiatry , 16 (1), 192. Shelton, R. C. (2009). Long-term management of depression: tips for adjusting the treatment plan as the patient's needs change. clinical psychiatry , 70, 32-37.

45 Topics for Term Paper Writing

45 Topics for Term Paper Writing The list of the most trending term paper topics of 2017 covers three difficulty levels: hard, medium easy on the following subjects: Politics, Health, Medicine, Science, and General topics. In case you are working on a term paper or are simply looking for a topic to start your research, we have written down a short list of sample topics for you. The list includes such topics as Politics,  Health, Medicine, Science, and General. All topics are grouped by levels of difficulty, so you will be able to pick the topic that is the exact match to your requirements. Please note that this list is just sample topics. TERM PAPER FORMAT While choosing a topic its important that you select a topic that is neither too narrow nor too broad. Here is a list of the most trending term paper topics of 2017. Feel free to use any of them for your term paper. Politics Hard: US Troops Aiding Syria: Is this the right move? Obamacare: Constitutionally unjust or a way to force regulation on citizens? What happens behind the scenes that the Government keeps from the citizens of the US? Why the US feels the need to get involved in other countries affairs Medium: Electing Obama to a second term: Was it really the right choice for this country? Turmoil in the US Government: Why republicans and democrats disagree Is there controversy between the US and China or is it all made up for media purposes? Easy: The reason for multiple political parties and what each really represents Are electoral votes the right way to call an election? The people speak but the states ultimately decide The right way to approach local and state government entities with your political concerns to ensure they are handled Health Hard: The controversy surrounding aspartame Why whole grains help digestion and the reason to back away from starches not made from whole grains Is a liver cleanse really beneficial for those suffering from chronic illnesses Reducing processed food intake and why it is beneficial to your health Medium: How to make dietary changes to improve your health without shocking your body Foods that Diabetics should avoid maintaining body systems and eyesight The latest diet crazes and how they are potentially dangerous Easy: When too much exercise leads to obsession: Knowing when enough is enough How exactly does stress play a role in your total bodys   health? Stress reduction techniques to improve your mental stability and overall mental health Medical Hard: Scares from vaginal mesh surgeries and how to get help for your complications Understanding drug interactions and what side effects are more prominent dependent upon your ailment Spinal surgeries: Is the risk really worth it and why you should consider alternative treatment options Medium: How to know when it’s time to turn off the life support and let go of a family member When do you believe what you read about supplements and what doctors really know about them Is your doctor pushing specific medications to his/her patients to help pharmaceutical companies or is it really going to help you? Easy: Filing malpractice charges against your doctor: Understanding what malpractice really is Is your doctor telling you the truth? Understanding why second opinions are valuable for your treatment plan Recognizing mental illness in a loved one: The right steps to take so that they get the help they need Science Hard: Should NASA gain new funding for continued space travel explorations or do we know all we need to know? Cancer Research: What is really being done scientifically to find a cure for each specific type? Is there a scientific method to prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, renal failure and joint deterioration? Mixing technology with scientific method to create convenience items for the disabled Medium: Studying the scientific formulations of water, ice and snow to compile meteorological differences What exactly about science is taught in the classroom? Is it really relevant? Is there true scientific validity to Women being from Venus and Men being from Mars? Easy: Getting your kids more involved with science and experiments are safe to complete at home What is the scientific explanation for how the Chinese zodiac and astrological signs are assigned? What is the scientific method of curing meats for preservation? General How much damage does stereotyping really do to a persons mental health? Why grief plagues some more than others Does getting a degree really make you more money and give you a more stable career? What is the real reason that higher Education costs keep rising? Why are fast food hamburgers so much higher in calories than homemade options? Auto branding: What is the reasoning behind the loyalty and which manufacturers are really better than others? APA TERM PAPER Email us your requirements and our writers will start coming up with all kinds of term paper topics. Once you have selected the topic you like, the writer who came up with that topic of your choice will be assigned to work on your paper. Together with you, the writer will draft the paper and then work on its text. We will only assign those writers who are professionals at what they do and have experience in the subject. This will ensure that your paper is well-written and properly formatted, contains no plagiarism and is a full match to your original requirements. Ultimately, this will result in your customer satisfaction, which is our utmost goal. Just place an order and get your professionally written term paper on time.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt A True Leader essays

Franklin Delano Roosevelt A True Leader essays Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) entered the White House in 1933 in the midst of the nation's largest economic depression. Approximately 25 percent of the work force was unemployed, industrial production was bleak, and the bank system was collapsing. Overseas, the economic situation resulted in Faced with these challenges, Roosevelt fearlessly experimented with the power of the federal government. His greatest accomplishment was his ability to lead, inspire, and help Americans through bad spells as he "I want to talk for a few minutes with the people of the United States about banking," he said on March 12, 1933, the first of about thirty informal "fireside chats" that Roosevelt gave over the radio. His ability to communicate directly and personally through the media, addressing each listener as his friend, gave Franklin D. Roosevelt a powerful tool to shape public opinion. This paper describes the leadership approaches that FDR During the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, people believed that leaders were born (ROTC, 2002). Basically, this meant that it was assumed that a man's heritage provided an innate ability to lead. A leader was born with special characteristics or traits that gave him the In an attempt to prove this philosophy, researchers undertook long studies of existing political, industrial, and religious leaders (ROTC, 2002). They expected to find that these leaders possessed certain characteristics that would distinguish them from their followers. However, the researchers were unsuccessful. Their study results identified a number of traits that were common to those in leadership positions, including intelligence, dependability, sociability, aggressiveness, originality, popularity, and humor. However, they also discovered that different situations required the use of different traits. Some studies found there was no evidence to support that just having...

Nursing Ethics of Patients Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing Ethics of Patients - Case Study Example And lastly, an ethical decision-making model will be discussed keeping in view the given scenario. Ethical theories form the bedrock on which the guiding principles of the nursing profession are based. They are responsible for providing a structural approach to moral reasoning in this profession (Med India, 2011). Most often than not, healthcare professionals are faced with situations that require the employment of such ethical theories for the purpose of moral reasoning so as to conclude the moral value of a judgment under consideration (Registered Nurse Canada, 2009). Example of the employment of such theories includes granting the right to the patients to be able to make their own treatment-related decisions. This term refers to the right of an individual to keep the medical information and records private. The information under its clause can only be trusted to the healthcare professionals dealing with the patient and is not to be made public or even given to someone else without the consent of the patient (Fullbrook, 2007). Even though confidentiality is something that is to be valued and respected, there are situations in which that does not seem like the best thing to do, as is the scenario in the given case. In such cases, it is considered that one establishes a domain of certain reasonable limits. It would somehow restrict the boundary to which the confidentiality principle is to be respected (Wolfe, 1962). However, in cases where the confidentiality aspect endangers the prospective patient, it becomes an ethical dilemma for the healthcare professionals that are then torn between upholding the confidentiality and informing others of the condition for treatment (Corey & Callanan, 1998). Even though confidentiality is a vital practice in the medical profession, just like all the other factors, it is not absolute. (Wynia, 2007).

Discussing Theodore Roosevelt's views of American Nationalism and Research Paper

Discussing Theodore Roosevelt's views of American Nationalism and Imperialism - Research Paper Example By the nineteenth century, it was almost impossible to interchange the concepts of nationalism and racism. Enlightenment ideals heightened on nationalism and imperialism regardless of the emphasis on the equality and liberty of men as well as the cosmopolitan aspirations. Following the French Revolution, the republican government tries to unify all the French-speaking nations making them a single rule. This led to an aggressive campaign by the military in the Low Nations. Italian liberals on the other hand hoped to have a unified nation that would be under the Italians only and not a jumbled combination of foreign and domestic monarchs. Come the nineteenth century, there was no accord that the different species of mankind shared a common origin and that there worth was not equal. Most nations and leaders believed on the biological superiority of what was referred to as the Caucasian race and this was common with the Germanic peoples who seemed to be justified by the global colonial e mpires rise headed by the European countries. It is in the wake of this situation that this paper looks at the position taken by Theodore Roosevelt on imperialism and nationalism. Theodore Roosevelt’s came to power at a time when most of nations had adopted nationalistic and imperialistic modes as they tried to gain more territories and come up with the best military. This situation strengthened the desire of Theodore Roosevelt to construct the American race so that it becomes one that is full of ambitious, brave and hardworking men. To come up with such a race, Theodore Roosevelt’s remained open to mixing races as he believed that by mixing different races, he will be able to have men who had superior qualities than those men who were pure. Despite this position, Theodore Roosevelt also believed that there were some groups of people who he viewed as better representations of this race. He was in favor of people from the European descent as he excluded the Asians and A frican American considering them as being inferior. Some of his actions and speeches contrasted this position on race. He strongly believed and promised that people from different races were welcome and that they had the same rights as the rest of the American citizens. Early life Experience Theodore Roosevelt came from a tradition that revered the Protestant ethic, the middle class Americans. In his early childhood, he learned the ethic of the Bible and was introduced to social consciousness now that his father happened to be an avid philanthropy practitioner as well as a social worker who believed in putting in action what the Bible preached. His concern with regards to the poor was that the legislative form in pursuing to lessen the distress resulting from a new industrial and urban society. This take is evident in his progressive stance while he was serving as a New York’s Governor as well as the President. This showed that Theodore Roosevelt attitude was reverent and he pursued the highest Christian virtue ideals and opted to implement his own faith in assisting others and helping to come up with a better world. Theodore Roosevelt’s involvement in religion in his early life was that of works. His early Christianity life was behind his means to live a good life and this led to his ruling to emphasize on moral and good life. This remained to be an overriding passion in the faith of Theodore

Listening Habits Essay Example for Free

Listening Habits Essay â€Å"Tap, tap, tap.† is what you hear as your elbow partner is writing their pencil against the table. The tapping continues to go on until the teacher says something important then there is a moment of silence. There are many bad listening habits out there, it’s just finding them within ourselves, but everyone else as well. A bad listening habit that one may obtain is finding a subject that it too boring or dull. In order to pay full attention, you need something worth giving the attention. Another thing that poor listeners do is make fun of how the speaker is; meaning they either don’t like the way they look, speak, or act. It doesn’t matter who or how it comes out; what matters is what comes out. One last poor listening habit is trying to take every single detail down. You’re just writing a lot of useless information because you and I both know that you won’t go back and read it all. I myself am guilty of having some bad listening habits as well. One of them is that I get really excited about one part of the presentation that I completely blank out on the next part. I need to work on keeping focused on the entire presentation. A second bad habit that I contain is that I get lazy so I only listen for the most important facts and write them down. I should be alert throughout the whole presentation that way I can get more then the facts, like the little details. The last poor listening habits that I have is that I get distracted extremely easily. No matter how fast a distraction distracts me, I need to fight the urge to let it get to me! Luckily, there are ways to help us become better listeners! One way is to guess or predict what the presenter will say next. This will help us be engaged in the presentation and get something out of it. Another helpful idea to try is to point out the supporting materials, along with being engaged. This will also help us get better studying material. One last habit that will be great to get into is summarizing while the speaker is taking a break. Summarize what they said in your mind to help you keep track of what they are talking about. No matter with all of the bad listening habits, we can easily change them. Not only will this help us in high school, but it will also help us in college. Better listening skills along with other college readiness skills will help us walk into our future pretty easily. All it takes is the willingness of the student themselves to give that little extra push!

Essay example --

Aristotle and Niccolà ² Machiavelli were two great minds from completely different times, both having rather different views on the world, that touched on many similar points throughout their respective works Politics and Machiavelli’s various writings. This occurred because Machiavelli was illustrating his positions directly against Aristotle’s theories, which allows for an interesting comparison between the two’s opinions on a variety of issues. While Politics is more of a discussion for the populous and The Prince was specifically made as a sort of guidebook for the future ruling class, they can still be compared based upon their similar topics of discussion regarding political goals and the opposing points that need to be avoided. This combined with The Discourses, which was an analysis of the Roman republic and why it was so successful, provide a rather comprehensive view of Machiavelli’s core beliefs. The concept of differing worldviews is key to u nderstanding the similarities and differences between the two as they come from very different basic places of opinion when regarding the overall goal of politics. Aristotle came from a position of lofty, boarding on impractical, goals with the effort of creating the concept of the good life for its citizens, in which they could expand and flourish. Machiavelli on the other hand worked on a much more practical scale of thought, focusing on concepts of gaining power, and control, while maintaining stability as the main goals of participating in politics. Both however stated a vast array of necessary requirements for achieving the best political scenario along with opposing points to avoid, and in turn theories on how to distinguish between the two. In this paper, these two great poli... ...nd goals a governing body can hope to achieve, asking the individual to question how they are being governed and how the system around them can be improved. They also however provide guidelines for how to govern one’s self, and legitimate goals that an individual should strive to achieve, not just goals for the governing body over top of them. From these two theories, an individual should be able to learn how to better govern their soul and identify how best to serve themselves throughout life. No one theorist is ultimately ‘better’ then the other therefore because of this, as they both gain significant merit in the debate that they open up to their audiences. Their timeless core theories will remain with society forever as there will always be some form of governance, and their theories can fit so many scenarios throughout life. Sources:

El salvador

This case was written by Susan Bartholomew based on personal interviews. Names, dates, and details of situations have been modified for illustrative purposes. The various economic, political, and cultural conditions described are presented as perceptions of the individuals in the case; they do not necessarily reflect the actual conditions in the region. The events described are presented as a basis for classroom discussion rather than to illustrate effective or ineffective handling of a cross- cultural situation.December 10, 1998: The Job Offer John and Joanna Lafferty had Just opened a bottle of wine to share with friends who had come to see their new apartment in Toronto when the telephone rang. John, a lanky, easygoing development economist, excused himself to answer the phone in the kitchen. Recently married, John and Joanna were excited to be building a life together in the same city at last. As a development economist specializing in Latin America, John Laffertys work had taken him to Peru, Bolivia, and Guatemala on a series of three- to four-month assignments over the previous three years.While he loved the challenge and adventure of this fieldwork and had come to love the people and culture, he also wanted a home base and steady presence in Toronto, where Joanna worked as a human resource management consultant. Just before their wedding six months earlier, John accepted a position with a Toronto-based NGO (non-government organization) focused on research, fund-raising, and government lobbying on issues related to Central American political refugees.Throughout the 1980s, tens of thousands of refugees had fled political persecution and human rights abuse in war- orn Central America to seek political asylum in Canada; John's field experience in Guatemala and his natural diplomacy were invaluable to the Canadian organization. He was passionate about his work and quickly gained a reputation for being a sa'. n. y and politically astute advocate of refugees' c ases. As Joanna went to get some wineglasses from the kitchen, she could overhear her husband speaking in Spanish on the phone.Joanna had studied Spanish in college but had difficulty following the rapid, one-sided conversation. However, one phrase, â€Å"Me allegre mucho,† and John's broad grin as he said it, was impossible to isinterpret. Joanna returned to her guests in the living room: â€Å"It sounds like good news. † John's work with refugees in the Canadian NGO had caught the attention of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, headquartered in Geneva, and he had recently returned from a one-week visit and series of interviews. While John had not been searching for a new Job opportunity, the Geneva invitation had been too exciting to resist.John walked back into the living room with a huge smile: â€Å"Forget the wine, I think we should open some champagne. The U. N. has Just offered me the most incredible Job. † â€Å"In Geneva? Joanna asked ex citedly. Decision The El Salvador assignment would be for two years, as a Program Officer responsible for organizing the repatriation of Salvadoran refugees from various refugee camps back to El Salvador and developing programs to ensure the protection and well-being of such refugees in their return to Salvadoran communities. The position would report to the Charge de Mission of the El Salvador office.While this office was based in the capital city, San Salvador, the Job would also require frequent travel to various field offices and refugee camps throughout El Salvador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, and Honduras. The challenge of the assignment excited John tremendously; he also believed that this was an exceptional opportunity for him to make a real difference in the lives of the refugees of Central America. He certainly wanted to accept the Job; however, he would only go if Joanna would be willing and happy to go with him.Two questions would weigh heavily on Joanna's mind: 1 . â€Å"Wha t about the political instability of the area? † The politics of El Salvador were complicated and difficult to understand, and the story seemed to vary depending on the source. As Joanna gathered, the civil war in El Salvador had come to an end in 1992 with a U. N. -brokered peace treaty between the conservative government of the Republican Nationalist Alliance (Arena) and the Marxist-led Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN). Throughout the war, the U. S. ad apparently spent more than $4 billion to support the government and military, while the Soviet Bloc supported the FMLN. Human-rights groups alleged that right-wing death squads had murdered 40,000 of the 70,000 people killed during the 12-year war. However, the peace agreement had significantly reduced the size of the rmy, disbanded corrupt police forces, purged the country of the most notorious human-rights abusers, and disarmed the FMLN, allowing it to become a legal political party. The country appeared to h ave made substantial progress toward peace and democracy.The information and briefings they received from Salvadorans and other expatriates who had recently returned from the country suggested that life in the capital, San Salvador, was quite safe. Economically, the country was becoming more internationally open, with establishment of large export factories, increasing rivatization, and reforms aimed at stimulating foreign investment. While certain precautions were required, and the area was still heavily patrolled by armed forces, Joanna was told she could expect a relatively normal lifestyle. They would live in a highly secure part of the city, in the area populated by all the foreign embassies.They would also be living and traveling on a U. N. diplomatic passport (â€Å"Laissez- passer†), which would afford them excellent protection. 2. â€Å"What about my career? † Moving to El Salvador was the last thing Joanna had imagined when she married John Lafferty six month s earlier. Joanna had worked in Toronto for three years as a human resource consultant after graduating with an MBA. She was bright and ambitious, and her career was advancing well. While she was very happy to be married, she also enjoyed her professional and financial independence.Besides, Toronto was not only professionally rewarding, it was also home, friends, and family. However, Joanna was also ready for a change; secretly, she had always envied John the sense of adventure that accompanied his work. Maybe this was an opportunity for her to develop her After much discussion, they decided that John would accept the assignment. January-March 1999: Predeparture Arrangements When John confirmed with the Geneva office that he would take the assignment, it was arranged for him to move to San Salvador at the end of March and for Joanna to follow one month later.It was often recommended in assignments of this kind to send married staff ahead of time to get settled into the Job before th eir spouse and/ or family arrived. This option made sense to the Laffertys and had several advantages. First, it would give Joanna more time to finish off her current consulting rojects in Toronto and make a graceful exist from her present firm. She had a strong professional reputation and wanted to ensure she was remembered favorably by her corporate clients when she returned to Toronto two years later. Second, John would be able to get the housing arrangements settled before Joanna's arrival.John's employer would provide ample financial and logistical supports to staff in finding housing; however, John also knew from past experience that dealing with local real estate agents and utility companies in Central America could be highly frustrating. Tasks that were quite simple in Toronto, such as having a lease drawn up and getting a telephone installed, Just didn't seem to follow any system or set of procedures. â€Å"Tomorrow' could mean next week or even next month. Patience, flexi bility, and a good deal of charm were usually required; getting angry rarely helped.While John was used to the inconvenience and unpredictability of local services in Central America, he was uncertain how Joanna would react initially. John held a deep affection for the Central American people and felt hopeful that Joanna would develop an affinity for the culture as well. However, he hoped to at least have the majority of the living arrangements worked out before she arrived to make her transition to El Salvador as smooth as possible. Finally, the extra time gave Joanna more opportunity to prepare herself for the transition.Joanna had taken a course on international human resource management as an MBA and was familiar with the phenomenon of culture shock in international assignments. She recalled from her course that predeparture preparation and cultural orientation made a significant difference in helping employees and their families adapt to the foreign environment. Joanna was dete rmined to read and learn as much about Salvadoran history and politics as she could. She was also keen to improve her Spanish before she arrived and as soon as the decision was made that they would be going to El Salvador, she enrolled in night courses for six hours a week.As Joanna walked home from her Spanish class one evening, pleased with her results on her comprehension test, she recalled with amusement a conversation she had had with Joan Taylor. Joan was the wife of a senior executive with Altron, a Canadian firm with offices throughout Latin America. The Taylors had Just returned rom a two-year assignment in Guatemala City, and Joanna had contacted Joan to get some insight on the practicalities of living in the region. â€Å"My dear Joanna,† Joan began, â€Å"you will have a very fine life in Central America, or in most developing countries your husband will be sent to, for that matter.You will â€Å"Just watch out for the ‘gilded cage syndrome. †  "The what? † Joanna had asked. â€Å"As corporate executives or diplomats in third-world postings, we live a pretty high life, certainly a standard of living far beyond what we could have in our own countries. Everything is there for you and everything is done for you. It's like living in a gilded cage. Some people love it, and get pretty spoiled; after a while you cant imagine even making a sandwich for yourself†¦ .† Humph, Joanna thought to herself at the time. That would certainly never happen to me.I am a professional. This is an incredible learning opportunity and I am going to make the most of it! May 1999: Joanna's Arrival Joanna arrived on a balmy afternoon, grateful for the warm breeze after a cold Toronto winter. She was excited to see John and only slightly disappointed that their first drive into San Salvador would not be alone, but accompanied by a young Salvadoran named Julio Cesar, who had been assigned as their driver. On the drive from the airport, Joanna tried hard to follow his rapid banter as he pointed out the sights to her.She had felt confident in her Spanish in the classroom in Toronto, but now she could barely understand a word Julio Cesar said. John, sensing her frustration, began to translate, and by the time they reached the house, Joanna was exhausted and discouraged. John was proud of the house he had found, next door to the Mexican embassy and only a block from a tennis club where most of the members were expatriates. He hought this might provide a good social base for Joanna if she got homesick for North American lifestyle. The large 12-room house was certainly impressive, with its shining terrazzo floors and two large gardens.Joanna wondered what to do with all the space. It was also quite secure, with metal bars on all the windows, and surrounded by 12-foot walls. â€Å"This isn't a house, John, it's a fortress,† Joanna said in amazement. mieah . I know it's a bit much,† said John. â€Å"But thi s is the one area of the city we are strongly advised to live in, for security reasons. Smaller homes or apartments Just on't exist. Most of the families living here are either expats or very wealthy Salvadorans. Most have live-in help and need the space. † â€Å"But I don't want anyone else living with us †¦ † . I want you to meet Maria. † Joanna followed John out to the back of the â€Å"Come .. house, and was introduced to a small, brown woman, vigorously scrubbing clothes. â€Å"Maria worked for the family who lived here before; it only seemed right that she should stay. She only lives a few blocks away, though, so she will go home each evening. † After a week, Joanna soon learned Maria's work patterns. Maria would hand wash all their clothes in the cement tub and hang them to dry outside, a chore that would take all day long, as Maria would often wash things three times.The following day she would return to do the ironing, which would take anothe r full day. As Joanna sat in her study upstairs, reading her books and newspapers, she felt an overwhelming sense of guilt thinking of Maria, hand washing every last item of their clothing in the own clothes in a washing machine. Then, when Joanna found out that John paid Maria $6. 00 per day, she was furious. John explained to Joanna that this was the ustomary wage for the women from the â€Å"barrios marginales† who worked as domestic help for wealthy Salvadorans and expatriates.These â€Å"marginal communities† were small groupings of tin shacks located in the ravines that surrounded the city. A few had electricity, but many of the communities, including Maria's, still cooked their meals over fires and lit their homes with candles. Joanna began to slip more money into Maria's pay envelope. Joanna hoped to make a friend of Maria and looked forward to having lunch each day with her and learning more of the local way of speaking. Joanna realized now hat the formal Span ish she had learned in school was vastly different from the language she heard each day on the streets of San Salvador.However, Maria refused to eat at the same table as Joanna and insisted on serving Joanna first in the dining room, and then eating her own lunch on the stone steps in the back room. Joanna was deeply uncomfortable with this and began to eat lunch at the restaurant in her nearby tennis club instead. Other things began to irritate Joanna as well. For example, one day, she started to wash the car in the driveway. Suddenly, Maria's son appeared and insisted that he do he Job for her, horrified that â€Å"la Senora† would undertake such a task herself.Another time, Joanna began to dig up some of the plants in the garden for replanting; the following morning, a gardener appeared at the door, saying that he was a cousin of Maria's and would be pleased to take on additional gardening work. Joanna resented this intrusion into her daily life. If she was going to be spe nding so much time at home, she wanted privacy to read and study. It was going to be a while, she realized, before she found a Job. Joanna was disappointed with the Job prospects among local and even international companies. Most available positions were clerical, for which she was vastly overqualified. l didn't get an MBA to work as a file clerk! † she would think to herself angrily. Then, she would think sadly, â€Å"My Spanish probably isn't even good enough to get a Job as a file clerk. † One day, in frustration, Joanna called her two closest friends in Toronto, colleagues from her old firm. â€Å"l can't win! † Joanna complained. â€Å"l feel guilty all the time. I feel guilty because I don't do anything myself. And I feel guilty if I don't hire local people to the housework. They need the money so much. Then I feel guilty that we pay them six dollars a day. We can afford so much more.I feel guilty that I have a maid and she lives in a tin shack in a ravine two blocks from my house. But John says we can't pay her more than the going rate because it would upset the whole balance of her community. He says they have their own economic structure and norms and we have to respect that. My Salvadoran neighbors tell me that if I pay Maria or the gardener more they won't respect me. But I do anyway, and then I feel guilty because I don't tell John. And then our driver, Julio Cesar . The sarcastic response was the same from both. Gee, Joanna, sounds tough.Beautiful house, a maid, gardener, and driver, afternoons at the tennis club †¦ n wonder you're so miserable. † been a big mistake? She knew how much this Job meant to John, and it was a great step forward for his career. But what about her career and her own happiness? This had been a mutual decision. Something was going to have to change or they would be on a plane back to Toronto very soon. The question was †¦ what? Questions For discussion 1 . Is Joanna suffering from cultu re shock? What elements of the Salvadoran culture seem most difficult for her to adapt to? 2.Should Joanna have done anything differently in terms of her preparation for moving to El Salvador? What do you think she should do now? 3. How could Joanna further her career as a human resource consultant while living in El Salvador? What skills could she develop? Would these skills be transferable if she moved back to Toronto? To another country? 4. If you were John, would you have taken the Job in El Salvador? If you were Joanna, would you have agreed to go? 5. Do you think international careers are feasible for dual-career couples? What issues are important to consider for the individuals involved? What can companies do to make foreign assignments more successful for couples and families? Is the happiness of the employee's spouse the responsibility of the company? 7. What recommendations would you make to international organizations and companies sending employees to politically unstabl e regions? Do companies have a responsibility for the physical safety of expatriate employees? Does this responsibility extend to locally hired staff as well? 8. Do you think Joanna should pay her cleaning lady and gardener more than the standard $6. 00 per day? Why or why not?

Gallic Wars Battle of Alesia and Julius Caesar

The Battle of Alesia was fought September-October 52 BC during the Gallic Wars (58-51 BC) and saw the defeat of Vercingetorix and his Gallic forces. Believed to have occurred around Mont Auxois, near Alise-Sainte-Reine, France, the battle saw Julius Caesar besiege the Gauls in the settlement of Alesia. The capital of the Mandubii, Alesia was situated upon heights which were surrounded by the Romans. In the course of the siege, Caesar defeated a Gallic relief army led by Commius and Vercassivellaunus while also preventing Vercingetorix from breaking out of Alesia. Trapped, the Gallic leader surrendered effectively ceding control of Gaul to Rome. Caesar in Gaul Arriving in Gaul in 58 BC, Julius Caesar began a series of campaigns to pacify the region and bring it under Roman control. Over the next four years he systematically defeated several Gallic tribes and gained nominal control over the area. In the winter of 54-53 BC, the  Carnutes, who lived between the Seine and Loire Rivers, killed the pro-Roman ruler  Tasgetius and rose in revolt.  Shortly thereafter, Caesar sent troops to the region in an attempt to eliminate the threat. These operations saw  Quintus Titurius Sabinus Fourteenth Legion destroyed when it was ambushed by  Ambiorix and Cativolcus of the Eburones. Inspired by this victory, the  Atuatuci and Nervii joined the rebellion and soon a Roman force led by Quintus Tullius Cicero was besieged in its camp.  Deprived of around a quarter of his troops, Caesar was unable to receive reinforcements from Rome due to the political intrigues caused by the collapse of the First Triumvirate. Fighting the Rebellion Slipping a messenger through the lines, Cicero was able to inform Caesar of his plight. Departing his base at  Samarobriva, Caesar marched hard with two legions and succeeded in rescuing his comrades men. His victory proved short-lived as the Senones and Treveri soon elected to rebel.  Raising two legions, Caesar was able to gain a third from Pompey. Now commanding ten legions, he quickly struck the Nervii and brought them to heel before shifting west and compelling the  Sernones and Carnutes to sue for peace (Map). Continuing this relentless campaign, Caesar re-subjugated each tribe before turning on the Eburones. This saw his men ravage their lands while his allies worked to annihilate the tribe. With the end of the campaign, Caesar removed all of the grain from the region to ensure that the survivors would starve.  Though defeated, the revolt had led to an upsurge in nationalism among the Gauls and the realization that the tribes must unite if they wished to defeat the Romans. The Gauls Unite This saw  Vercingetorix of the Averni work to draw the tribes together and begin to centralize power. In 52 BC, the Gallic leaders met at Bibracte and declared that Vercingetorix would lead the united Gallic army. Launching a wave of violence across Gaul, Roman soldiers, settlers, and merchants were killed in large numbers. Initially unaware of the violence, Caesar learned of it while in winter quarters in Cisalpine Gaul. Mobilizing his army, Caesar moved across the snow-covered Alps to strike at the Gauls. Gallic Victory and Retreat: Clearing the mountains, Caesar dispatched Titus Labienus north with four legions to attack the Senones and the Parisii. Caesar retained five legions and his allied Germanic cavalry for the pursuit of Vercingetorix. After winning a series of minor victories, Caesar was defeated by the Gauls at Gergovia when his men failed to execute his battle plan. This saw his men execute a direct assault against the town when he had desired them to conduct a false retreat to lure Vercingetorix off a nearby hill. Temporarily falling back, Caesar continued to attack the Gauls over the next few weeks through a series of cavalry raids. Not believing the time was right to risk battle with Caesar, Vercingetorix withdrew to the walled Mandubii town of Alesia (Map). Armies Commanders Rome Julius Caesar60,000 men Gauls VercingetorixCommiusVercassivellaunus80,000 men in Alesia100,000-250,000 men in relief army Besieging Alesia: Situated on a hill and surrounded by river valleys, Alesia offered a strong defensive position. Arriving with his army, Caesar declined to launch a frontal assault and instead decided to lay siege to the town. As the entirety of Vercingetorixs army was within the walls along with the towns population, Caesar expected the siege to be brief. To ensure that Alesia was fully cut off from aid, he ordered his men to construct and encircling set of fortifications known as a circumvallation. Featuring an elaborate set of walls, ditches, watchtowers, and traps, the circumvallation ran approximately eleven miles (Map). Trapping Vercingetorix Understanding Caesars intentions, Vercingetorix launched several cavalry attacks with the goal of preventing completion of the circumvallation. These were largely beaten off though a small force of Gallic cavalry was able to escape. The fortifications were completed in around three weeks. Concerned that the escaped cavalry would return with a relief army, Caesar began construction on a second set of works which faced out. Known as a contravallation, this thirteen-mile fortification was identical in design to the inner ring facing Alesia. Starvation Occupying the space between the walls, Caesar hoped to end the siege before aid could arrive. Within Alesia, conditions quickly deteriorated as food became scarce. Hoping to alleviate the crisis, the Mandubii sent out their women and children with the hope that Caesar would open his lines and allow them to leave. Such a breach would also allow for an attempt by the army to break out. Caesar refused and the women and children were left in limbo between his walls and those of the town. Lacking food, they began to starve further lowering the morale of the towns defenders. Relief Arrives In late September, Vercingetorix faced a crisis with supplies nearly exhausted and part of his army debating surrender. His cause was soon bolstered by the arrival of a relief army under the command of Commius and Vercassivellaunus. On September 30, Commius launched an assault on Caesars outer walls while Vercingetorix attacked from the inside. Both efforts were defeated as the Romans held. The next day the Gauls attacked again, this time under the cover of darkness. While Commius was able to breach the Roman lines, the gap was soon closed by cavalry led by Mark Antony and Gaius Trebonius. On the inside, Vercingetorix also attacked but the element of surprise was lost due to the need to fill in Roman trenches before moving forward. As a result, the assault was defeated. Final Battles Beaten in their early efforts, the Gauls planned a third strike for October 2 against a weak point in Caesars lines where natural obstacles had prevented construction of a continuous wall. Moving forward, 60,000 men led by Vercassivellaunus struck the weak point while Vercingetorix pressured the entire inner line. Issuing orders to simply hold the line, Caesar rode through his men to inspire them. Breaking through, Vercassivellaunus men pressed the Romans. Under extreme pressure on all fronts, Caesar shifted troops to deal with threats as they emerged. Dispatching Labienus cavalry to help seal the breach, Caesar led a number of counterattacks against Vercingetorixs troops along the inner wall. Though this area was holding, Labienus men were reaching a breaking point. Rallying thirteen cohorts (approx. 6,000 men), Caesar personally led them out of the Roman lines to attack the Gallic rear. Spurred on by their leaders personal bravery, Labienus men held as Caesar attacked. Caught between two forces, the Gauls soon broke and began fleeing. Pursued by the Romans, they were cut down in large numbers. With the relief army routed and his own men unable to break out, Vercingetorix surrendered the next day and presented his arms to the victorious Caesar. Aftermath As with most battle from this period, precise casualties around not known and many contemporary sources inflate the numbers for political purposes. With that in mind, Romans losses are believed to be around 12,800 killed and wounded, while the Gauls may have suffered up to 250,000 killed and wounded as well as 40,000 captured. The victory at Alesia effectively ended organized resistance to Roman rule in Gaul. A great personal success for Caesar, the Roman Senate declared twenty days of thanksgiving for the victory but refused him the a triumphal parade through Rome. As a result, political tensions in Rome continued to build which ultimately led to a civil war. This climaxed in Caesars favor at the Battle of Pharsalus.